Artine Modal Auxiliary (can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to lan had better)

Miturut bukune Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, sing kalebu modal auxiliary ning Boso Inggris kui ono sewelas : can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must, ought to lan had better.

Artine modal auxiliary (biasa disebut 'modal' thok) kuwi iso bedo-bedo tergantung kalimate. Ojo kuatir. Mengko bakal tak jelaske artine sitok-sitok. Ning kene aku ora bakal menehi definisi opo sakjane modal auxiliary kui mergo ora gampang dijelaske nganggo Boso Jowo. Tapi sing perlu dieling-eling, kabeh modal kui mesthi bakal dieloni infinitive verb. Opo kuwi infinitive verb? Terus terang aku ora iso menehi definisi sing pas. Sing jelas infinitive kui verb alias kata kerja, dudu kata benda, kata sifat, opo maneh keterangan. Bentuke infinitive verb podho karo verb simple present tense sing jejere (subjeke) They, We, I, You.

I love you. → berarti bentuk infinitive soko love kui 'love', (loves, loved, loving, lovely dudu infinitive). Tapi ono siji sing nyleneh.

I am javanese. We are Indonesians→ 'am' lan 'are' ning kene dudu infinitive. Linking verb am & are kui pengecualian, mergo infinitive kanggo is, am, are, was, were, lan been kui 'be'.

Artine CAN

I can play guitar.

Aku iso main gitar.

I can take the consequences.

Aku sanggup nanggung akibate.

You can leave now.

Kowe entuk (oleh) mulih saiki.

Artine COULD

If I had Rp 20.000.000, I could buy two cows.

Nek aku nduwe duwit Rp 20.000.000, aku iso tuku sapi telu.

Could you close the window?

Nyuwun tulung, jendhelane dipun tutup mawon! (Ngongkon kanti luwih sopan)

Artine MAY

I may not go to your wedding party.

Aku paling (kemungkinan) ora teko ning acara mantenanmu.

May your dream come true.

Mugo-mugo cita-citamu kaleksanan.

May I borrow your cellphone?

Aku oleh nyilih HPmu?

Artine MIGHT

I might not go to your wedding party.

Aku paling (kemungkinan) ora teko ning acara mantenanmu.

Artine WILL

I will go to your wedding party.

Aku bakal teko ning acara mantenanmu.

Will you come to my wedding party?

Kowe tak kongkon teko ning acara mantenanku!

Artine WOULD

I would go to your wedding party if it wasn't raining yesterday.

Aku bakal teko ning acara mantenanmu nek wingi ora udan.

Would you come to my wedding party?

Njenengan kulo aturi rawuh dhateng acara resepsi pernikahan kulo. (Ngongkon kanti luwih sopan)

When I was a kid, I would take a bath in that river every morning.

Jaman aku isih cilik, aku biasane adus ning kali iku saben isuk.

Artine SHALL

I shall move to Surakarta.

Aku arep (bakalan) pindah ning Solo.

Shall we dance?

Kowe gelem njoget karo aku?

Shall I call your parents?

Aku perlu nelpon wong tuamu opo ora?

Artine SHOULD

You should move to Surakarta.

Kowe mendhingan (luwih becik) pindhah ning Solo wae.

Artine OUGHT TO podho karo SHOULD

You ought to move to Surakarta.

Kowe mendhingan (luwih becik) pindhah ning Solo wae.

Artine MUST

You must move to Surakarta.

Kowe kudu pindhah ning Solo.

You must not move to Surakarta.

Kowe ora oleh pindhah ning Solo.

You have three fancy cars. You must be rich.

Sampeyan nduwe mobil mewah telu. Sampeyan mesthi sugih.

Artine HAD BETTER

You had better take my advice, or you will not survive.

Kowe luwih becik (mendhing) nuruti omonganku, nek ora manut, kowe ora bakal slamet.

PHRASAL MODAL

Sak liyane modal auxiliary sing wis tak jelentrehne ning ndhuwur mau, isih ono maneh sing diarani phrasal modal, koyoto: have to, have got to, used to, be able to, be going to, lan be supposed to.

I have to tell you. (Artine podho karo: I must tell you.)

Aku kudu ngomongi kowe.

I have got to fetch my mom yesterday. (Artine podho karo: I had to fetch my mom yesterday.)

Wingi aku kudu mapak (methuk) mbokku.

When I was a kid, I used to go to school on foot. (Artine podho karo: When I was a kid, I would go to school on foot.

Jaman aku cilik, aku biasa budhal sekolah mlaku

I'm able to do it. (Artine podho karo: I can do it.)

Aku iso nglakoni.

I'm going to make it. (Artine meh podho karo: I will make it.)

Aku bakal berhasil.

I'm supposed to go back. (Artine meh podho karo: I should go back.)

Aku kudune mbalik.

Ojo lali. Kabeh kata kerja sak mburine modal lan phrasal modal mau mesthi bentuke infinitive. Dadi yen sesuk sampeyan isih ngomong 'I will sleeping' utowo 'I can playing badminton' berarti sampeyan durung dhong karo wulanganku iki.

Cukup sak mene dhisik. Mugo-mugo tulisanku iki iso mbantu sampeyan leh blajar Boso Inggris. Kritik, koreksi , lan saran iso dikirim lewat emailku chezyobi@gmail.com

Nek sampeyan isih kurang paham utowo malah tambah bingung, sampeyan iso moco bukune Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar, terbitan Pearson Education, New York.

(Sing nulis: Yobi Sardiyanto, Mei 2013)