Quoted Speech and Reported Speech

Contoh quoted speech:

She says “I study Maths everyday.”

“I am still studying,” she said.

Kalimat atau kata-kata yang ada di antara tanda petik (“ ….”) di atas disebut QUOTED SPEECH atau disebut juga DIRECT SPEECH, yaitu kata-kata yang ditirukan sama persis dengan saat kata-kata itu diucapkan oleh si pembicara.

Jika quoted speech di atas kita ungkapkan dengan memakai noun clause (klausa sematan, yaitu anak kalimat setelah kata "that") maka kalimat tersebut dinamakan REPORTED SPEECH atau INDIRECT SPEECH. Contohnya seperti di bawah ini.

She says that she studies Math everyday.

She said that she was still studying.

Dalam Bahasa Inggris, anak kalimat yang digarisbawahi disebut noun clause. Sedangkan anak kalimat yang berada di depan ( She says & She said) disebut main clause (klausa utama).

She said that she was still studying.

Perlu diingat: Jika kata kerja (verb) pada klausa utama (main clause) berbentuk past tense seperti pada contoh di atas ("said" adalah bentuk past tense dari verb "say"), maka verb yang ada pada klausa sematan (noun clause) biasanya juga akan berbentuk past tense.

Perhatikan perubahan quoted speech menjadi reported speech di tabel berikut ini.

QUOTED SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
“I watch TV.”	She said (that)* she watched TV.
“I am watching TV.”	She said that she was watching TV.
“I have watched TV.”	She said that she had watched TV.
“I have been watching TV.”	She said that she had been watching TV.
“I watched TV.”	She said that she had watched TV.
“I had watched TV.”	She said that she had watched TV.
“I had been watching TV”	She said that she had been watching TV.
“I will watch TV.”	She said that she would watch TV.
“I am going to watch TV.”	She said that she was going to watch TV.
“I can watch TV.”	She said that she could watch TV.
“I may watch TV.”	She said that she might watch TV.
“I have to watch TV.”	She said that she had to watch TV.

* Kata penghubung "that" dalam reported speech boleh dihilangkan.

Jika quoted speech-nya dalam bentuk imperative (kalimat perintah) maka verb yang ada di noun clause berubah menjadi "to infinitive" (bentuk kata kerja asli). Jika quoted speech-nya dalam bentuk prohibition (kalimat larangan) maka verb yang ada di noun clause berubah menjadi "not to infinitive".

Biar lebih jelas, silakan lihat di tabel berikut.

QUOTED SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
“Watch TV!”	She told me to watch TV.
“Give me your book!”	She told me to give her my book.
“Don't watch TV.”	She told me not to watch TV.
“Don't give your book to Mary!”	She told me not to give my book to Mary.

Jika quoted speech-nya dalam bentuk yes/no question, maka reported speech-nya memakai kata penghubung "IF" atau "WHETHER", seperti tabel di bawah ini.

QUOTED SPEECH	REPORTED SPEECH
“Do you watch TV?”	She asked me if I watched TV.
“Are you watching TV?”	She asked me if I was watching TV.
“Have you watched TV.”	She asked me if I had watched TV.
“Was she beautiful?”	She asked me if she had been beautiful*.

* Ingat! Kata "beautiful" di kalimat terakhir ini bukanlah verb, tapi adjective (kata sifat). Verb-nya adalah kata was itu sendiri. Jadi, was (simple past) berubah menjadi past perfect (had+verb3 -> had+been).

Disarikan dari bukunya Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding and Using English Grammar 3^rd Edition. Penerbit: Pearson Education, New York.